Diabetic Foot Care: Tips to Prevent Complications

Roughly 10% of UK adults have diabetes. Diabetes can lead to foot problems primarily due to two major complications: nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor blood circulation.

Firstly, high blood sugar levels over time can damage the nerves, particularly in the feet. This condition, known as diabetic neuropathy, can cause a loss of sensation in the feet. When you can’t feel pain, cuts, blisters, or sores may go unnoticed and untreated, leading to infections and ulcers.

Secondly, diabetes can impair blood flow to the feet. High blood sugar levels can cause blood vessels to narrow and harden, reducing circulation. Poor blood flow makes it harder for wounds to heal and increases the risk of infections. In severe cases, this can lead to gangrene and may require amputation.

Additionally, diabetes can weaken the immune system, making it more difficult for the body to fight off infections. Even minor foot injuries can become serious if not properly managed.

Attentive foot care, regular check-ups, and managing blood sugar levels are crucial for preventing the complications associated with diabetes. Here’s how this can be achieved:

Foot Care with Diabetes

1. Daily Foot Inspection

Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, redness, swelling, or any other abnormalities, especially if you don’t have much sensation in your feet. If you have trouble seeing the bottoms of your feet, use a mirror or ask someone to help you. Early detection of problems can prevent them from becoming serious.

2. Wash and Dry Your Feet Properly

Take extra time in the shower to wash your feet daily with warm water and mild soap. Avoid completely soaking your feet, such as in a bath, as this can lead to dry skin. After washing, dry your feet thoroughly, especially between the toes, to prevent fungal infections.

3. Trim Your Toenails Carefully

Trim your toenails straight across and file the edges. Avoid cutting the nails too short, as this can lead to ingrown toenails. Be careful not to nick the skin when trimming your nails, nor to remove cuticles; if you notice any cuts, consult a healthcare professional.

4. Wear Proper Footwear

Choose shoes that fit well and provide adequate support. Avoid tight shoes and high heels, which can cause pressure points and blisters. Consider wearing diabetic socks, which are designed to reduce pressure and wick away moisture. Avoid walking barefoot outside to reduce the risk of cuts to your feet, instead opt for shoes or slippers.

5. Manage Your Blood Sugar Levels

Keeping your blood sugar levels within the target range can prevent nerve damage and improve blood flow to your feet. Follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations for diet, exercise, and medication to manage your diabetes effectively, and have regular check-ups to ensure all is going to plan and that there are no other complications.

6. Avoid Smoking

Alongside well known drawbacks to smoking, such as it being a notorious carcinogen, it can impair blood circulation, making it harder for wounds to heal. This exacerbates the effects of diabetic neuropathy.

7. Exercise Regularly

Regular physical activity can improve blood flow to your feet and overall health. Choose low-impact exercises, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, to avoid putting too much pressure on your feet. Remember to use adequate footwear and consider the use of diabetic socks.

Dr. Francesc Malagelada is a leading consultant trauma and orthopaedic surgeon based in London. He treats foot and ankle disorders, using non-surgical and surgical treatments that best suit each patient and their lifestyle.

When appropriate, he performs arthroscopy (keyhole) or minimally-invasive surgery using the latest techniques. Some benefits of these are that they can provide faster recovery and almost unnoticeable scars. Dr Malagelada’s research into the field of minimally-invasive surgery resulted in a PhD with a ‘cum laude’ distinction.

Do you have diabetes and side effects related to your feet? Click here to request an appointment now.